BPC-157

1 Identity

Tissue-repair and cytoprotective peptides

Sequence

H-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val-OH (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV). Fifteen residues, all L, free N-terminal amine, free C-terminal acid. No cysteine and therefore no disulfide; no acylation, no amidation, no non-proteinogenic residue, no aromatic residue and therefore no 280 nm chromophore. Two protonatable centers (N-terminal amine, Lys7) against four carboxylates (Glu2, Asp10, Asp11, C-terminal Val15). Supplied as a salt, most often trifluoroacetate and sometimes acetate; the L-arginine salt is a separate record. The five contiguous prolines at positions 3-5 and 8 make cis/trans proline isomerism a chromatographic feature of this peptide rather than an impurity.

Molecular formula

C62H98N16O22 (free base / free acid peptide)

Average mass

1419.556 Da (C62H98N16O22), from the 15-residue composition on IUPAC 2021 conventional atomic weights. PubChem prints 1419.5, and listings commonly print a formula weight of 1419.5 for the acetate.

Monoisotopic mass

1418.7042 Da neutral. Working ions: [M+H]+ m/z 1419.7115, [M+2H]2+ m/z 710.3594, [M-H]- m/z 1417.6969. A plus or minus 5 ppm identity window on the neutral is plus or minus 0.0071 Da.

Salt / variant note

MULTI-molecule by counterion and by terminus, and the CAS registry itself is split - two numbers, 137525-51-0 and 1628202-19-6, are in active commercial use for this one sequence, so a CAS match alone proves nothing. (1) free acid peptide, C62H98N16O22, 1419.556 avg / 1418.70416 mono. (2) trifluoroacetate salt: with two protonatable sites a fully loaded TFA salt runs to roughly 14% counterion by mass, so a vial labeled 10 mg of powder can hold nearer 8.6 mg of peptide. (3) acetate salt, materially lighter counterion load - at one mole of acetate the article is C64H102N16O24, 1479.61 avg / 1478.7253 mono, 95.9% net peptide; at two moles C66H106N16O26, 1539.66 avg / 1538.7464 mono, 92.2% net peptide. (4) the L-arginine salt, a separate record, sold in capsules labeled simply 'BPC-157' by at least one tracked seller. (5) C-terminal amide, C62H99N17O21, 1418.57 avg / 1417.72014 mono, exactly 0.98 Da below the free acid - a one-dalton substitution a certificate quoting '1419' cannot exclude. (6) des-GLY1 truncation, C60H95N15O21, 1362.50 avg / 1361.68270 mono, the characteristic synthesis-related failure for this sequence. (7) N-acetyl BPC-157, C64H100N16O23, 1461.59 avg / 1460.71472 mono, +42.04 Da. Mass-silent and therefore the dangerous ones: the isoaspartate product of Asp11-Gly13 aspartyl-glycine isomerization is identical in formula to the parent and adds zero daltons; the succinimide intermediate is -18.011 Da; both co-elute on an unoptimized gradient.

2 Class & testing panel

Form

Single article

Testing panel

P1 — panel definition

3 Primary sources & evidence

The index reports the design and provenance of the literature, not a conclusion about effect.

Overwhelmingly rodent and in-vitro, and heavily concentrated in one research group (Sikiric and colleagues, Zagreb), which is verifiable from the authorship of the primary and review literature. Two independent 2025 reviews summarize the animal work: Vasireddi 2025 (systematic review, orthopedic sports medicine) and McGuire 2025 (scoping review). Chang 2011 is the most-cited tendon paper and is a rat Achilles study plus rat fibroblast culture. Human exposure is limited: McGuire 2025 states that only three pilot studies have examined BPC-157 in humans. Registered trials on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02637284 (Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetics, oral tablets, healthy volunteers, estimated enrollment 42, PharmaCotherapia d.o.o., status Unknown / last known Active-not-recruiting, results not posted) and NCT07437547 (Phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled, subcutaneous, acute hamstring strain, estimated enrollment 120, Hudson Biotech, Recruiting as at August 2026). No marketing authorization in any jurisdiction. This is a description of what has been published and registered, by study type and identifier.

4 Storage & specification

Storage

Lyophilized powder, -20 degrees C plus or minus 5 degrees C, desiccated with in-pack desiccant, sealed under nitrogen in amber or foil-overwrapped borosilicate serum vials, protected from light, handled below 30% relative humidity when open. 2-8 degrees C is acceptable for transit and for working stock held no longer than 30 days. Sealed vials are equilibrated to room temperature before opening, because condensation on cold solid is the commonest cause of a customer-side water result that disagrees with the certificate.

Shelf life

Provisional 24 months at -20 degrees C plus or minus 5 degrees C, assigned by protocol and not measured. Protocol: timepoints at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months at the labeled condition with a parallel 6-month accelerated arm at 25 degrees C / 60% RH, on each of the first three commercial lots, with isoaspartate content at Asp11-Gly13 and water content as the indicating attributes rather than gross purity. Aspartyl-glycine isomerization is the retest-limiting chemistry on this sequence and it is invisible to mass, so the stability method must be the resolving RP-HPLC method and not the mass measurement.